The new SID doesn't match the old one, so none of the user's access from their old account is transferred to the new account.
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If they later return to a different job at the same company, an administrator creates a new account, and the Windows Server operating system generates a new SID. For example, if a user with a user account in a Windows domain leaves their job, an administrator deletes their Active Directory account, including the SID that identifies the account. Security authorities never issue the same SID twice, and they never reuse SIDs for deleted accounts. This means that the SID for an account or group that's created in one domain will never match the SID for an account or group created in any other domain in the enterprise. Likewise, for every domain account and group, the SID is unique within an enterprise. No two accounts or groups on the computer ever share the same SID. The SID for a domain account or group is generated by the domain security authority, and it's stored as an attribute of the User or Group object in Active Directory Domain Services.įor every local account and group, the SID is unique for the computer where it was created. The SID for a local account or group is generated by the Local Security Authority (LSA) on the computer, and it's stored with other account information in a secure area of the registry.
The operating system generates a SID that identifies a particular account or group at the time the account or group is created. SIDs are unique within their scope (domain or local), and they're never reused. For domain accounts, the SID of a security principal is created by concatenating the SID of the domain with a relative identifier (RID) for the account. Users refer to accounts by the account name, but the operating system internally refers to accounts and processes that run in the security context of the account by using their SIDs. This content pertains only to the Windows versions in the "Applies to" list at the beginning of the article. This helps protect access to network resources and provides a more secure computing environment. They work with specific components of the authorization and access control technologies in the security infrastructure of the Windows Server operating systems. SIDs are a fundamental building block of the Windows security model. Well-known SIDs have values that remain constant across all operating systems. For example, the Everyone and World SIDs identify a group that includes all users. In addition to the uniquely created domain-specific SIDs that are assigned to specific users and groups, there are well-known SIDs that identify generic groups and generic users. This token provides the security context for whatever actions the user performs on that computer. The access token contains the user's SID, user rights, and the SIDs for any groups the user belongs to. When a SID has been used as the unique identifier for a user or group, it can never be used again to identify another user or group.Įach time a user signs in, the system creates an access token for that user. The system generates the SID that identifies a particular account or group at the time the account or group is created. The SID is stored in a security database.
Security principals can represent any entity that can be authenticated by the operating system, such as a user account, a computer account, or a thread or process that runs in the security context of a user or computer account.Įach account or group, or each process that runs in the security context of the account, has a unique SID that's issued by an authority, such as a Windows domain controller. What are security identifiers?Ī security identifier is used to uniquely identify a security principal or security group. This article describes how security identifiers (SIDs) work with accounts and groups in the Windows Server operating system. Applies to: Windows Server 2022, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2016
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